3.9 指示代词
1)指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:
限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.
代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers.
2)指示代词的句法功能;
a.作主语:his is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。
b.作宾语:I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c.作主语补语:My point is this.我的观点就是如此。
d.作介词宾语:
I don't say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。
说明1:
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)
(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)
(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)
(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)
说明2:
That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:
(对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(错)He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)
(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)