3.9 指示代词 |
1)指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数(these/those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如: 限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers. 代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers. 2)指示代词的句法功能; a.作主语:his is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。 b.作宾语:I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。 c.作主语补语:My point is this.我的观点就是如此。 d.作介词宾语: I don't say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。 说明1: 指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如: (对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人) (对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词) (错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人) (对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语) 说明2: That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较: (对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。 (对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人) (错)He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人) (对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人) (对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物) |