11.15 过去完成时 |
1)概念:表示过去的过去 -----|-----|-----|----->其构成是had+过去分词构成。 那时以前--那时--现在 2)用法 a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said(that)she had never been to Paris. b.状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. c.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…” We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't. 3)过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until,when,after,once,as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. a.had written,left B,were writing,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left 答案D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前,因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意:had no…when还没等……就…… had no sooner… than刚……就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. |