3.11 关系代词
1)关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如:
The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。(该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语。)
2)关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中,that可指人也可指物。

例如:
This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物,在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。(which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略)
3)关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如:
He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言。
说明:关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如:
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了。
He's changed.He's not the man he was.他变化很大,已不是过去的他了。